Default risk is

Forward contracts are

Mr. Pradip completed construction of a residential house on 1.4.2011.
Interest paid on loans borrowed for purpose of construction during the 2 years prior to completion was Rs.
40,000. The house was let-out on a monthly rent of Rs. 4,000.

Property was vacant for 3 months.
Compute the income under the head "Income from House Property" for the A.Y. 2012-13.

Mr. M by a Gift deed transferred certain property to her daughter, with a direction that daughter should pay an annuity to Mr. M's brother, as had been done by Mr. M. On the same day, the daughter executed a deed in writing in favour of Mr. M's brother, agreeing to pay annuity. Afterwards, she declined to fulfil her promise saying that no consideration had moved from her uncle. Which of the following statements is correct'?

Open Market Operations is an important tool for central banks in ___________.