Structuring is the intentional evasion of a reporting or recordkeeping requirement by breaking down a large transaction into smaller ones, or by using multiple accounts, institutions, or persons to avoid triggering the threshold for reporting or recordkeeping. Structuring is also known as smurfing, and it is a common technique used by money launderers to conceal the source, ownership, or control of illicit funds.
References: =
* ACAMS Study Guide for the CAMS Certification Examination, 6th Edition, Chapter 2, Section 2.1.1, page 511
* ACAMS CAMS Certification Video Training Course, Module 2, Lesson 2.1, video time 7:00-8:002
* ACAMS CAMS Certification Practice Exam, Question 134, page 2853

The compliance officer should report the suspicious activity to the Board of Directors, as they are ultimately responsible for the bank's compliance program and oversight. The Board should be informed of the potential conflict of interest and reputational risk involved in the case, as well as the steps taken by the compliance officer to investigate and file the suspicious transaction report. The compliance officer should not prevent the filing of the report, as this would violate the legal obligations of the bank and expose it to regulatory sanctions and penalties. The compliance officer should not ask the Board member to explain the transaction, as this could compromise the integrity and independence of the investigation and the reporting process. The compliance officer should not maintain standard summary statistical reporting to the Board, as this would not adequately address the seriousness and complexity of the case.
References:
* ACAMS CAMS Certification Study Guide, 6th Edition, Chapter 5, page 1271
* ACAMS CAMS Certification Video Training Course, Module 5, Lesson 22
* ACAMS CAMS Certification Exam Outline, Domain 5, Task 13

Economic sanctions are a tool that governments and multi-national bodies can use to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) by imposing restrictions on trade, financial transactions, travel, or other activities with targeted countries, entities, or individuals that are involved or suspected of being involved in WMD programs. Economic sanctions aim to disrupt the supply chains, funding sources, and incentives for developing or acquiring WMDs, as well as to deter and punish any violations of international norms and obligations regarding WMDs. Economic sanctions can be imposed unilaterally by a country or multilaterally by a group of countries or an international organization, such as the United Nations, the European Union, or the Financial Action Task Force.
References:
* ACAMS CAMS Certification Video Training Course, Module 4: Preventing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Lesson 4.2: Sanctions1
* ACAMS CAMS Certification Study Guide, 6th Edition, Chapter 4: Preventing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Section 4.2: Sanctions2

Compare customer and transaction records against periodically updated sanctions lists provided by governmental bodies. This is stated in the Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (the 6th edition) manual on page 595, which states: "Sanctions screening requirements include that a financial institution should compare customer and transaction records against periodically updated sanctions lists provided by governmental bodies."

A corporate account opened on behalf of several beneficial owners is a red flag because it may indicate an attempt to conceal the identity or source of funds of the ultimate beneficiaries1. The customer's stated investment goal of long-term investment is not reflective of the account activity, which involves frequent and large transfers, currency exchanges, and account depletion within a short period of time. This discrepancy may suggest that the customer is using the account for money laundering or other illicit purposes2.
References: = 1: ACAMS CAMS Certification Video Training Course - Exam-Labs, Module 3, Lesson 4, Topic: Corporate Accounts 2: ACAMS CAMS Certification Video Training Course - Exam-Labs, Module 3, Lesson 4, Topic: Customer Profile and Account Activity