According to the Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (the 6th edition) study guide, when a financial institution receives a law enforcement inquiry, it should cooperate as much as possible and respond to all formal requests for information, unless there is a valid objection that can and should be made1. The institution should also file a suspicious transaction report (STR) if the inquiry or the customer's activity triggers any red flags or indicators of money laundering or other financial crimes2. Additionally, the institution should monitor the account for suspicious activity and review the money laundering risk posed by the account, as these are part of the ongoing due diligence and risk assessment processes3. Closing the account immediately is not a recommended action, as it may alert the customer or interfere with the investigation4.
1: ACAMS, CAMS Certification Package - 6th Edition, Chapter 4, page 121
2: ACAMS, CAMS Certification Package - 6th Edition, Chapter 4, page 122
3: ACAMS, CAMS Certification Package - 6th Edition, Chapter 4, page 123
4: ACAMS, CAMS Certification Package - 6th Edition, Chapter 4, page 124

The payment received from an account in an offshore jurisdiction and the lack of beneficial ownership details for the originating account are two money laundering red flags.Offshore jurisdictions are often used by money launderers to hide the source and destination of their funds, as they typically have low transparency and weak regulatory oversight. The absence of beneficial ownership information makes it difficult to identify the true owners and controllers of the funds, and to assess the legitimacy and risk of the transaction. These factors increase the possibility that the payment is related to money laundering, tax evasion, or other illicit activities.
ACAMS CAMS Certification Study Guide, 6th Edition, page 33
ACAMS CAMS Certification Exam Outline, 6th Edition, Domain 1, Task 1.2
ACAMS CAMS Certification Video Training Course, Module 1, Lesson 1.2
Exam CAMS: Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (the 6th edition), Question 315

According to the ACAMS CAMS Certification Study Guide (6th edition), the bank's anti-money laundering officer is responsible for overseeing the implementation and maintenance of the bank's anti-money laundering program, which includes reporting and escalating suspicious activities involving PEPs. The anti-money laundering officer should be informed of any unusual or potentially illicit transactions involving PEPs, and decide on the appropriate course of action, such as filing additional reports, conducting enhanced due diligence, or terminating the relationship with the PEP. The other options are not correct because they are either not directly involved in the anti-money laundering program, or not the appropriate authority to contact in this situation.
ACAMS CAMS Certification Study Guide (6th edition), page 77-78. 123456789

Money laundering can have negative effects on a country's currencies and interest rates, as it distorts the allocation of resources and the demand and supply ofmoney. According to the IMF1, money laundering can also adversely affect currencies and interest rates as launderers reinvest funds where their schemes are less likely to be detected, rather than where rates of return are higher. This can create artificial fluctuations and imbalances in the exchange and interest rates, and undermine the effectiveness of monetary policy. For example, if launderers invest in low-yield assets such as government bonds or real estate, they may drive up the prices and lower the yields of these assets, while reducing the availability of funds for more productive investments. This can also affect the inflation and growth prospects of the country.
1: Macroeconomic Implications of Money Laundering by Peter J. Quirk, IMF Working Paper, 1996
2: Understanding Money Laundering: How It Impacts the Global Economy by Tookitaki, 2019
3: Money Laundering by U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2021
4: The Consequences of Money Laundering and Financial Crime by John McDowell and Gary Novis, U.S.
Department of State, 2001

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) requires that the board of directors establish and oversee the compliance function and approve the bank's AML/CTF compliance policies and procedures, including processes for identifying, assessing, monitoring, and reporting compliance risks.
"The board of directors should establish a compliance function and approve compliance policies and processes for identifying, assessing, monitoring, and reporting compliance risks throughout the organization." (CAMS 6th Edition, Corporate Governance and Oversight; BCBS, Corporate Governance Principles for Banks, Principle 6) References:
CAMS 6th Edition, Governance and Oversight
BCBS: Corporate Governance Principles for Banks (2015)