Customer due diligence (CDD) is a key component of anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CTF) compliance. CDD helps financial institutions identify and verify their customers, assess their risk levels, and monitor their transactions for suspicious activity.
One of the main objectives of CDD is to understand the nature and purpose of customer relationships, which involves collecting and analyzing relevant information about the customer's business activities, expected transaction patterns, source and destination of funds, and beneficial ownership. This information helps financial institutions develop a customer risk profile, which is a tool to measure and manage the risk exposure of each customer.
A customer risk profile reflects the financial institution's risk appetite, which is the level and type of risk that the institution is willing and able to accept. By comparing the customer's risk profile with the institution's risk appetite, the institution can determine if the customer operates in line with the firm's expectations and requirements for a specific industry segment. For example, if the institution has a low risk appetite for customers involved in high-risk sectors such as gambling, cryptocurrency, or arms trade, it can use the customer risk profile to identify and mitigate any potential risks associated with such customers.
Therefore, to understand if the customer operates in line with the firm's risk appetite for a specific industry segment, a financial institution must obtain sufficient customer information to understand the nature and purpose of customer relationships for the purpose of developing a customer risk profile.
References:
A Guide to Customer Due Diligence for Financial Institutions
Customer Due Diligence Guide: Main Requirements, Best Practices & Checklist Financial Crimes Enforcement Network Issues New Frequently Asked Questions on Customer Due Diligence Requirements ACAMS CAMS Certification Study Guide 6th Edition

Money laundering can have serious consequences for financial institutions. They may face increased investigation costs and fines from regulators and law enforcement agencies for failing to detect or prevent money laundering activities. Additionally, money laundering can result in a loss of profitable business as customers and counterparties may no longer want to do business with the institution due to its reputation for being associated with illicit activity.
Reference: Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (CAMS) Study Guide, 6th Edition, page 76.