FATF standards identify several designated non-financial businesses and professions (DNFBPs) as obliged entities due to their exposure to money laundering risks. These gatekeepers are required to perform customer due diligence (CDD).
Notaries involved in real estate transactions play a critical role in property transfers and are required to identify parties and beneficial owners. Dealers in precious metals and stones handle high-value, portable assets attractive to criminals. Real estate agents facilitate property purchases often used to launder large sums of money. Accountants and auditors may assist in financial structuring, tax planning, or company formation and must conduct CDD when providing covered services.
Casino security guards and judges are not obliged entities under AML/CFT frameworks.

Dormant accounts becoming suddenly active may indicate account compromise, mule activity, or money laundering. Investigators should review historical activity, customer information, login patterns, and transaction details to determine whether the activity is legitimate or requires escalation and reporting.

Anonymous shell companies may obscure the identities of individuals controlling assets and transactions. Criminal organizations frequently use such structures to move illicit funds, evade sanctions, or conceal corruption proceeds. Transparency regarding beneficial ownership is therefore a critical AML requirement.