In general, the resistance of iron and nickel based alloys to sulfidation is determined by the ________ content of the material.

Steam blanketing is when the heat flow balance is disturbed; individual bubbles join to form a steam blanket, a condition known as Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB). Once a steam blanket forms, tube rupture can occur rapidly, as a result of _________.

Decarburization results in a __________, which can be confirmed by hardness testing.

Susceptibility to hydrogen stress cracking __________ with __________ hardness.

Key factors affecting thermal fatigue are the magnitude of the temperature and the __________.