Mechanical fatigue can cause cracks that initiate from the surface and often form a:

____________ is often found in piping and equipment that handles caustic, including H²S and mercaptan removal units, as well as equipment that uses caustic for neutralization in sulfuric acid and HF acid units.

Carbonate stress corrosion cracking is the term applied to surface breaking or cracks that occur adjacent to carbon steel welds under the combined action of ____________ and ___________ in carbonate containing systems.

Which of the following materials is least affected by atmospheric corrosion?

___________ cooling water outlet temperatures and/or process side outlet temperatures tend to __________ corrosion rates as well as fouling tendency.