The arbitrage free valuation approach uses the __________ on a __________ to discount each cash flow of a bond.

Jake Stan, a CFA Charterholder, is writing an unfavorable research report on a company called PKO.
Larry Spelt, who is Jake's supervisor and who is NOT a CFA Charterholder, informs Jake that the firm is about to underwrite a large stock offering for PKO. Larry tells Jake to please upgrade his research report on PKO to reflect a purchase recommendation. Jake does this without disclosing the underwriting activity.
According to Standards of Professional Conduct, which Standard/s of Professional Conduct has/have been violated?
I). Standard V A - Diligence and Reasonable Basis.
II). Standard VI A - Disclosure of Conflicts to Clients and Prospects.

A portfolio consists of 45% of wealth invested in the market portfolio and the remaining in risk-free
T-bills yielding 6.3%. The market portfolio has an expected return of 17% and a standard deviation of 19%.
The beta of the portfolio is ______.

Which one is an inferior good?

A distribution has mean 75, median 80 and mode 85. The distribution is