The answer is an Ishikawa Diagram.
Can be used in addressing quality problems, problems of under-performance, etc.
The other Japanese-sounding names shown as possible answers are spurious - two are novelists, and Fukushima was a serious environmental radioactive leak at a nuclear power station on the coast of Japan.

The benefit of in-depth interviews is that one may unearth deeper thoughts, ideas or concerns than through a larger quantitative exercise. Qualitative exercises lend themselves to more freedom to ex-plore interesting issues.

When profitability is spoken of as a % the selling price, the profit element is called the margin.

Inability to touch something.
Services are intangible, which may present challenges when specifying / buying.

The contract clause may refer to or include both gainshare and painshare elements. If all goes well, gains to be shared; if things go badly, pain to be shared. The ratio does need to be 5050 - the parties can discuss / negotiate as they wish / agree.
One is actively discouraged from talking about penalties, which contain a notion of punishment, de-spite the rather odd fact that your syllabus contains the term 'penalty clauses'.