Based on variability, the costs has been classified into three categories, they are fixed, variable and semi variable. Fixed costs, as its name suggests, is fixed in total i.e. irrespective of the number of output produced.
Variable costs vary with the number of output produced. Semi-variable is the type of costs, which have the characteristics of both fixed costs and variable costs (Source: Key Differences).
Among above costs, leasing and depreciation are relatively static and do not change if volume of business activities increase or reduce.
Packaging, utilities and annual business rate (tax) are variable costs.

Every sector among the options requires intensive capital investment. However, only manufacturing and retails bury much of their working capital in form of inventory. Raw materials and WIP only present in manufacturing sector.
The manufacturing industry is undergoing massive change, rivaling the Industrial Revolution that began in England and continued on Detroit's assembly lines. But today's revolution is "smart," thanks to factories using artificial intelligence and robots.
A new trend is the "cobot" - a collaborative robot designed to work with humans. One company called Moduform uses them to make furniture in the U.S. The company credits using cobots for reducing their staffing turnover, since the robots do mundane repetitive tasks that bore humans, while people can now do cognitive tasks requiring judgment and diversified responsibilities. Other innovations include 3D printing, Artificial Intelligence and automation.
Today's artificial intelligence manufacturing revolution improves performance in two key areas of manufacturing: productivity and quality control.

Detailed Explanation:
* 1 (Reduces design need): Performance specifications focus on outcomes rather than detailed designs, saving buyer resources.
* 2 (Wider supply base): Allowing suppliers to propose their own solutions can attract a broader range of suppliers.Options 3 and 4 align with conformance specifications, not performance-based ones.
Reference: CIPS Level 4, Specification Writing.