Northern Province Authority (NPA) seeks to use market dialogue to improve the contract specification for a new procurement tender of a domestic waste collection contract. Which of the following topics would be appropriate for dialogue with potential suppliers?

Various terms are used to qualify a party's obligations under contract. Which of the following gives absolute obligation?

Cleveland Insurance (Cleveland) offers a range of insurance services. The main software used in the call centre is a customer relationship management (CRM) system. Cleveland perceived an urgent need to replace the existing CRM system to deal with the increasing number of customers and services.
Urgent Digital Ltd (Digital) is one of the bidders of Cleveland's ITT for designing, building and managing the new CRM system. Its bid team is led by Hank Irvine, its technical director. Hank realises that winning the Cleveland contract (valued at approximately £50M) will enhance his career. During discussions with Cleveland, Hank offers certain assurances regarding timescales for the project. He has not carried out any investigations into the viability of the timescales. Hank has little idea whether the timescales can be met.
Cleveland decides that Digital's bid meets with its requirements, especially given the assurances in timescale offered by Hank, and decides to proceed with it, subject to a formal contract. Eventually, a formal contract is signed by both parties. The initial assurances given by Hank about the timing of the project are never going to be achieved and are at best grossly exaggerated.
Cleveland brought the case to the court and sought rescission of contract with Digital. Is Cleveland's claim appropriate in this case?

Which of the following would be suitable key performance indicators (KPIs) for supplier performance?
Ensure you have customer loyalty
Value or percentage of cost reductions obtained
Win an award in the next 12 months
Percentage of on-time in full deliveries

A retailer prefers to display its best selling products and promotion programme on the building windows.
According to rule of contract formation, this act will generally constitute...?