Gearing measures how much of an organisation's long-term funding is made up of long term debt and loans.
Therefore the correct answers are 'shareholder equity' and 'long term debt'.
There are many question about financial ratios that can come up on the exam. If you're unsure on them I suggest doing further reading outside of the study guide as this will help. I like this youtube video (I'm not associated with the makers of this video but think they're really good at explaining things to beginners) Gearing Ratio explained (youtube.com)

Advertising tenders is crucial for achieving value for money by encouraging competitive bids, which can lead to better pricing and service offerings. It also provides insights into the market by revealing the capabilities and innovations of various suppliers, aiding in informed decision-making.
Exact Extract from Study Guide:
"Inviting suppliers to take part in a competitive tender may reduce the potential for the biased selection of a supplier. Time, money and resource could be saved..."

Adopting ISO environmental standards aligns procurement practices with sustainability goals and helps reduce environmental and social impacts. Although implementing ISO standards may require initial adjustments, they foster long-term benefits by promoting responsible and ethical sourcing practices across the supply chain.

A credit rating generates a score which reflects 'the level of risk an organisation poses when dealing with other businesses'. It's saying how risky it is to loan them money or do business with them by looking at how good they are at paying people. So a high credit rating will say they're good at paying back their loans and paying their suppliers on time. A poor credit rating will say they often miss payments or pay late.
A credit rating will not tell you how much money they have, or details on their prices. Credit scores looks at purely financial data so wouldn't help you analyse whether their business practices are ethical or not.

In a restricted tender process, only pre-qualified suppliers are invited to bid, ensuring that participating suppliers have met necessary qualifications. This approach helps in managing high-value contracts by focusing on capable suppliers. Ethical and responsible sourcing in the public sector demands supplier pre- qualification to ensure compliance, transparency, and quality.