Avoiding is unassertive and uncooperative. When avoiding, an individual does not immediately pursue his or her own concerns or those of the other person. He or she does not address the conflict. Avoiding might take the form of diplomatically sidestepping an issue, postponing an issue until a better time, or simply withdrawing from a threatening situation.
LO 1, AC 1.1

Risk management (3) and the stage in the product life cycle (4) are internal factors within the supplier's control and directly influence pricing decisions. These internal factors guide strategic pricing policies. In contrast, price elasticity of demand and environmental legislation are external factors, as per CIPS's guidelines on pricing influences.

Reference: CIPS L4M5 Study Guide, Section 2.2 - Cost and Price Analysis

According toMendelow's Matrix, stakeholders withhigh interest but low powershould be keptinformed. Their interest means they care about the negotiation's outcome, but their low power means they can't significantly influence it. Keeping them informed avoids alienation and ensures smoother implementation of negotiated agreements.
"Stakeholders with high interest but low power should be managed by keeping them informed. They may become powerful advocates or opponents in the future, so engaging them is a strategic approach." (L4M5 Commercial Negotiation, 2nd edition, Section 1.5 - Stakeholder Management in Commercial Negotiations)

While understanding the supply market and preparing aBATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) are essential, theydo not cover all risks. Comprehensive preparation includes defining thenegotiation team, setting clearobjectives, planningtradeables, and anticipatingcommunication tactics. Skipping these steps can lead to poor coordination, misunderstandings, and missed opportunities. Effective negotiation is amultifaceted process, not a single strategy.
Reference: L4M5 Commercial Negotiation 2nd edition (CORE), Section 3.1 - Planning and Risk Mitigation in Negotiation