Back-end load funds often have a decreasing redemption fee (deferred sales charge) schedule, which reduces the longer the investor holds the fund. The feedback from the document states:
"Fund sponsors use a decreasing redemption fee (deferred sales charges) schedule to recover their costs from investors who opt out of the fund early. In most cases, redemption fees on a back-end load fund decrease the longer the investor holds the fund." Reference: Chapter 16 - Mutual Fund Fees and ServicesLearning Domain: Evaluating and Selecting Mutual Funds

Loretta is looking for a well diversified equity fund that invests both within and outside Canada. She also wants a fund that invests in quality companies, which implies that she prefers lower risk and higher stability.
A global equity fund would meet her criteria, as it can invest in any country, including Canada, and diversify across different regions and markets. A global equity fund that focuses on large, established companies, also known as blue chip stocks, would also suit her preference for quality and stability, as these companies tend to have strong financial performance, competitive advantages, and consistent dividends. Therefore, the Polar Global Blue Chip Equity Fund would be the best choice for Loretta among the given options.
1: Canadian Investment Funds Course, Unit 6, Section 6.2

Tony is employing a top-down investment approach, which is a method of selecting securities based on macroeconomic factors, such as the state of the economy, the industry trends, and the market conditions. A top-down investor starts by analyzing the big picture and then drills down to the specific sectors, regions, and companies that are expected to perform well in that environment. Tony has done an economic analysis of the various provinces and sectors of the Canadian economy and has determined that Nova Scotia and Alberta present the best prospects. He has also identified potential in the oil and gas sector. He then narrows down his selection to an oil supply firm in Medicine Hat and a drilling company in Halifax. This shows that he is using a top-down approach to choose his investments.
Canadian Investment Funds Course, Chapter 3: Risk and Return1

The S&P 500 is the appropriate benchmark for researching the largest listed public companies in the US market. The feedback from the document provides:
"Index: S&P 500, Description: The 500 largest publicly held companies that trade on U.S. markets, Performance uses: U.S. equity funds." Reference: Chapter 14 - Understanding Mutual Fund PerformanceLearning Domain: Evaluating and Selecting Mutual Funds