Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 contains the reference set of information security controls used to support risk treatment decisions. In the 2022 edition, these controls are organized into four themes: organizational, people, physical, and technological controls. Annex A is not a set of ISMS implementation steps and it is not a risk management guideline. Its role is to provide a structured set of control objectives and controls that may be selected as part of risk treatment. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
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ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to determine what needs to be monitored and measured, including information security processes and controls, the methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis, and evaluation, when these activities will be performed, and when the results will be analyzed and evaluated.
The standard does not mandate a specific tool, consultant, or designated individual for compliance. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
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ISO/IEC 27001:2022 assigns accountability for the information security policy to top management. Top management must ensure that the policy and objectives are established and are compatible with the strategic direction of the organization. Top management is also responsible for promoting and supporting compliance with the ISMS requirements throughout the organization. Therefore, option B is correct.
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ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to define and apply an information security risk assessment process that produces consistent, valid, and comparable results. This is not optional guidance and not merely an auditing suggestion. It is a formal requirement within the planning and risk assessment requirements of the standard. Therefore, option B is correct.
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ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to determine the boundaries and applicability of the ISMS in order to establish its scope. When defining the scope, the organization must consider internal and external issues, interested parties, and interfaces and dependencies between activities performed by the organization and those performed by other organizations. The strongest and most accurate answer is B because it directly reflects the concept of scope and boundaries. Options A and C may be related in practice, but they are not the clearest expression of the formal requirement.
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