Application whitelisting/blacklisting is a technology used to control which applications are allowed to execute on a company's corporate PCs. Whitelisting allows only approved applications to run, while blacklisting prevents specific applications from running. This approach is effective for managing application usage across an enterprise.

To investigate the callouts made post infection, it's essential to know where the callouts were made to (domain names) and from which host IP addresses they originated. This information can help trace back the source and destination, aiding in understanding the nature of the callouts. References: https://www.cisco.com/c
/en/us/td/docs/security/firepower/60/configuration/guide/fpmc-config-guide-v60
/Working_with_Indicators_of_Compromise.html

Explanation:
In a PCAP file, which is used to capture network packets, each packet contains various pieces of information that can be analyzed. The source and destination addresses refer to the IP addresses of the sender and receiver of the packets. The source and destination ports refer to the port numbers used for the communication, with common ports like 443 indicating HTTPS traffic. The network protocol here is TCP, which is responsible for establishing a connection and ensuring the delivery of packets. The transport protocol is IPv4, which is the underlying protocol for routing packets across the network. Lastly, the application protocol is TLS v1.2, which is used for secure communication over the internet.
References := The Understanding Cisco Cybersecurity Operations Fundamentals (CBROPS) course material covers the analysis of network traffic and the interpretation of PCAP files, which includes identifying the different elements within a packet capture1.

According to the NIST Incident Handling Guide, the analysis phase is the next phase of this investigation.
The analysis phase involves examining the evidence and determining the impact, scope, and cause of the incident. The analyst should also identify the attacker's methods, tools, and objectives, as well as any indicators of compromise or malicious activity. The analysis phase may also involve collecting additional data, such as logs, network traffic, or malware samples, to support the investigation. The analysis phase is crucial for developing an effective response and recovery strategy, as well as preventing or mitigating future incidents. References:
* NIST Special Publication 800-61 Revision 2, Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, Section
3.2.4, Analysis (https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-61r2.pdf)
* Understanding Cisco Cybersecurity Operations Fundamentals (CBROPS) v1.0, Module 5: Security Incident Response, Lesson 5.2: Incident Response Process, Topic 5.2.3: Analysis Phase (https://learningnetworkstore.cisco.com/on-demand-e-learning/understanding-cisco-cybersecurity- operations-fundamentals-cbrops-v1-0/CSCU-LP-CBROPS-V1-028093.html)

Social engineering is the practice of manipulating or deceiving people into performing actions or divulging information that can compromise the security of the organization. Asking questions about the company's user account format and password complexity at a party is an example of social engineering, as the guest may be trying to gather information that can be used to launch a cyberattack. References := Cisco Cybersecurity Operations Fundamentals - Module 6: Security Incident Investigations