FastLocate technology enhances location updates' frequency by utilizing probe requests from clients for real- time location tracking. This method increases the refresh rate of client locations significantly compared to other methods that rely on data packets or RSSI measurements of associated clients only. By implementing a probe-based technique, an engineer can achieve higher location refresh rates as required for location services in an office environment. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

The Network Mobility Services Protocol (NMSP) is the protocol used by Cisco Mobility Services Engine (MSE) to communicate with Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs). For NMSP messages to successfully pass through a firewall, the correct port must be allowed. The default port for NMSP traffic is TCP 16113.
Therefore, to ensure communication between MSE and WLC using NMSP, TCP port 16113 must be allowed on the firewall. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

When an engineer enables CPU ACLs on a Cisco device through Security > Access Control Lists > CPU Access Control Lists menu, this change applies immediately to both wireless and wired traffic directed towards the CPU of the device. This includes all management traffic destined for control plane services within the device itself, providing an additional layer of security against potential threats. References: (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

Disabling DHCP proxy on the Cisco WLC and running the ip helper-address command under the VLAN interface to point to DHCP and the two ISE servers is the recommended action. This allows direct communication between clients and DHCP/ISE servers, which is necessary for accurate device profiling.