Explanation
172.16.50.5 in hex is
We will have the answer from this paragraph:
"TLV values for the Option 43 suboption: Type + Length + Value. Type is always the suboption code 0xf1.
Length is the number of controller management IP addresses times 4 in hex. Value is the IP address of the controller listed sequentially in hex. For example, suppose there are two controllers with management interface IP addresses, 192.168.10.5 and 192.168.10.20. The type is 0xf1. The length is 2 * 4 = 8 = 0x08. The IP addresses translates to c0a80a05 (192.168.10.5) and c0a80a14 (192.168.10.20). When the string is assembled, it yields f108c0a80a05c0a80a14. The Cisco IOS command that is added to the DHCP scope is option 43 hex f108c0a80a05c0a80a14." Reference:
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/wireless-mobility/wireless-lan-wlan/97066-dhcp-option-43-00.html Therefore in this question the option 43 in hex should be "F104.AC10.3205 (the management IP address of
172.16.50.5 in hex is AC.10.32.05).

Explanation
https://www.ciscolive.com/c/dam/r/ciscolive/emea/docs/2020/pdf/BRKCRS-2832.pdf

Explanation
Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) provides the ability to switch packets through a device in a very quick and efficient way while also keeping the load on the router's processor low. CEF is made up of two different main components: the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and the Adjacency Table. These are automatically updated at the same time as the routing table.
The Forwarding Information Base (FIB) contains destination reachability information as well as next hop information. This information is then used by the router to make forwarding decisions.
The FIB allows for very efficient and easy lookups. Below is an example of the FIB table:

The adjacency table is tasked with maintaining the layer 2 next-hop information for the FIB. An example of the adjacency table is shown below:

It uses a fast cache that is maintained in a router data plane' fast cache is only used when fast switching is enabled while CEF is disabled.