* B (Segment Routing): Allows traffic engineering and micro-segmentation across networks by steering traffic based on policies and labels.
* D (Firewalls): Provide Layer 4-7 segmentation and security enforcement between segments.
Why other options are incorrect:
* A: Policy-based routing influences forwarding, but is not a segmentation technology.
* C: Data plane markings support QoS but do not create segmentation boundaries.
* E: Filter lists are used in routing policy, not for full network segmentation.
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This scenario describes a centralized control mechanism where:
* The SDN controller learns the network topology using BGP Link-State (BGP-LS).
* The controller installs control-plane policies using protocols like PCEP or BGP.
* Policies are pushed centrally and result in new RIB entries at the routers.
This is the hallmark of a centralized SDN architecture:
* The controller has a global view and decision-making logic.
* Routers remain relatively simple in the control plane and act on instructions.
This aligns with CCDE v3.1 under the "Technology Comparisons and Use Cases" topic, where SDN models are compared:
* Centralized SDN (controller-driven)
* Distributed SDN (traditional)
* Hybrid (a blend of both, which is not represented here)

The core issue is excessive SPF recalculations in Area 5 caused by too many specific LSAs being flooded into the area. The most effective solution is to use LSA filtering and summarization on the ABR to limit the number of detailed LSAs advertised into Area 5. This reduces SPF computation load while improving stability without requiring changes on Router B (which cannot support stub area).
Why other options are incorrect:
* A: Bandwidth increase does not prevent SPF recalculations.
* C: Virtual links wouldn't change LSA flooding into Area 5.
* D: LSA throttling limits frequency but not volume of recalculations.
* E: Stub area configuration requires support from all routers in the area, which Router B does not provide.
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For accurate location tracking in wireless networks, signal triangulation methods like RSSI, TDoA, or Angle of Arrival require:
* A (Perimeter coverage): Adding APs along the perimeter improves location accuracy by minimizing blind spots and improving triangulation geometry.
* B (Higher density, <40 ft spacing): Reducing inter-AP distance increases overlapping coverage, which provides more data points for accurate positioning.
Other options explained:
* C: Directional antennas limit overlapping coverage, reducing triangulation accuracy.
* D: Monitor mode APs can assist in location services but are secondary to proper placement and density.
* E: Increasing transmit power may enlarge cell size but can decrease accuracy by reducing overlapping AP zones.

* Data governance, especially for a national bank under EU regulations, is the most critical factor.
* Regulations like GDPR restrict where and how sensitive data, particularly financial data, can be stored and processed.
* Migrating data outside of EU jurisdictions without compliance could result in legal violations.
Why other options are incorrect:
* B: Latency is important but secondary to regulatory compliance.
* C: Security is always important but not the unique issue here.
* D: Cloud connectivity is technical, not the primary legal concern.
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