RAID 0 is a configuration that stripes data across multiple disks without parity or redundancy. It provides the fastest speed and maximum storage capacity among the RAID types listed, but it also has no fault tolerance. RAID 1 mirrors data across two disks, providing redundancy but halving the storage capacity. RAID 5 stripes data across three or more disks with parity, providing fault tolerance but reducing the storage capacity by one disk. RAID 10 combines mirroring and striping across four or more disks, providing both speed and redundancy but reducing the storage capacity by half.

DNS is responsible for resolving domain names to IP addresses. If laptop users are unable to see a shared folder on the network, it could be due to issues with DNS resolution. Correct DNS configuration ensures that the laptops can locate the shared folder's server by its hostname or domain name.

If a laptop does not charge when connected to a USB 3.1 docking station despite the AC adapter being plugged in, the most likely reason is that the dock is not designed to provide power passthrough. This means that the dock's primary function is connectivity for peripherals rather than power delivery to the laptop. The other options are possible but less likely if the sole issue is the absence of charging functionality when the dock and its power supply are properly connected.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) allows a networked device to always be assigned the same IP address based on the device's MAC address. DHCP can also assign other network configuration settings to devices automatically.