A VPN (virtual private network) is a protocol that creates a secure tunnel between two devices over the internet, hiding their IP addresses and encrypting their traffic. DNS (domain name system) is a protocol that translates domain names to IP addresses. IPS (intrusion prevention system) is a device that monitors and blocks malicious network traffic. SSH (secure shell) is a protocol that allows remote access and command execution on another device. Verified Reference: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-a-vpn https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The file type that the technician will MOST likely use when installing new software on a macOS computer is .app. This is because .app is the file extension for applications on macOS1.

Sometimes, an OS update can cause compatibility issues with some applications that are not optimized for the new version of the OS. To fix this, the user should check if there are any updates available for the application that can resolve the issue. The user can check for application updates by following these steps:
On an Android device, open the Google Play Store app and tap on the menu icon in the top left corner. Then tap on My apps & games and look for any updates available for the application. If there is an update, tap on Update to install it.
On an iOS device, open the App Store app and tap on the Updates tab at the bottom. Then look for any updates available for the application. If there is an update, tap on Update to install it.

The technician should add the update site to the client's exceptions list to bypass the proxy. This can be done through the client's web browser settings, where the proxy settings can be configured. By adding the update site to the exceptions list, the client will be able to access the site and download the software update.

change management process can help ensure that owners are notified of changes being made and can monitor them for performance impact (A). This can help prevent unexpected issues from arising.