AI bias occurs when an AI system makes incorrect assumptions or decisions due to limitations or imbalance in its training data, leading to skewed or inaccurate outputs.

Time Machine is the macOS backup and recovery tool used to restore older versions of files or recover deleted data.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) combines at least two of the following factors: something you know (password), something you have (a phone-generated or SMS-delivered one-time code), and something you are (biometric). Sending a code to the user's phone provides a "something you have" factor in addition to the password.

Threat education teaches users how to recognize and avoid malicious content and unsafe behaviors, helping prevent malware installation and reducing the risk of disclosing sensitive information through social engineering or user error.