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A SAN is a Storage Area Network. It is an alternative to NAS storage. SAN replication is a technology that replicates the data on one SAN to another SAN; in this case, it would replicate the data to a SAN in the backup datacenter. In the event of a disaster, the SAN in the backup datacenter would contain all the data on the original SAN. Array-based replication is an approach to data backup in which compatible storage arrays use built-in software to automatically copy data from one storage array to another. Array- based replication software runs on one or more storage controllers resident in disk storage systems, synchronously or asynchronously replicating data between similar storage array models at the logical unit number (LUN) or volume block level.
The term can refer to the creation of local copies of data within the same array as the source data, as well as the creation of remote copies in an array situated off site.

Security awareness compliance training for all employees should be implemented to educate employees about corporate policies and procedures for working with information technology (IT). Data loss prevention (DLP) should be implemented to make sure that users do not send sensitive or critical information outside the corporate network.

This is an example of Fingerprinting. The response to the code entered includes "ORA-000001" which tells the attacker that the database software being used is Oracle.
Fingerprinting can be used as a means of ascertaining the operating system of a remote computer on a network. Fingerprinting is more generally used to detect specific versions of applications or protocols that are run on network servers. Fingerprinting can be accomplished "passively" by sniffing network packets passing between hosts, or it can be accomplished "actively" by transmitting specially created packets to the target machine and analyzing the response.
Incorrect Answers:
B: Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in Web applications. XSS enables attackers to inject client-side script into Web pages viewed by other users. The code in the question is not an example of XSS.
C: SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker). The code entered in the question is similar to a SQL injection attack but as the SQL command was not completed, the purpose of the code was just to return the database software being used.
D: Privilege escalation is the act of exploiting a bug, design flaw or configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user. The code in the question is not an example of privilege escalation.
References:
http://www.yourdictionary.com/fingerprinting