Containers are a lightweight virtualization technology that allows applications to be packaged and isolated from the underlying operating system. This makes them portable between different cloud environments and reduces the size of the application.

GraphQL is the best option for transferring data over the internet with programmatic access and querying capabilities. It is a query language for APIs and a runtime for executing those queries with existing data, providing a more efficient, powerful, and flexible alternative to the REST API.

Serverless computing is a cloud computing model where the cloud provider takes care of the provisioning, scaling, and management of servers. This means that the systems administrator does not have to worry about any of the tasks required for maintenance, such as OS patching, VM and volume provisioning, and autoscaling configurations.

A LUN is used by a transport protocol associated with an SCSI, iSCSI, Fibre Channel (FC) or similar interface. LUNs are central to the management of block storage arrays shared over a SAN.

To ensure all devices receive the time from the local environment with the least administrative effort in a private cloud model, the organization needs to use the Network Time Protocol (NTP).
NTP uses port 123, so the organization needs to open port 123 to allow NTP traffic to flow through the network.
Port 53 is used for DNS traffic, port 67 is used for DHCP traffic, and port 161 is used for SNMP traffic, but they are not related to the time synchronization requirement.