Data privacy defines who has access to data, while data protection provides tools and policies to actually restrict access to the data. Compliance regulations help ensure that user's privacy requests are carried out by companies, and companies are responsible to take measures to protect private user data.
Why is data privacy important?
When data that should be kept private gets in the wrong hands, bad things can happen. A data breach at a government agency can, for example, put top secret information in the hands of an enemy state. A breach at a corporation can put proprietary data in the hands of a competitor.

Normalization is the process of reorganizing data in a database so that it meets two basic requirements: There is no redundancy of data, all data is stored in only one place. Data dependencies are logical, all related data items are stored together.
Put simply, data normalization ensures that your data looks, reads, and can be utilized the same way across all of the records in your customer database. This is done by standardizing the formats of specific fields and records within your customer database.

Lubridate is an R package that makes it easier to work with dates and times.