Explanation
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a client-server based protocol, meaning that the two computers involved communicate with each other in a request-response pattern. The client sends a request to the server and the server responds with the requested data. This type of architecture is known as client-server, and it is used for many different types of applications, including FTP. Other architectures, such as service-oriented, connection-oriented, and data-centric, are not used for FTP.

Explanation
The network administrator can use the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to monitor the temperatures of all the devices. SNMP is a widely-used protocol for managing and monitoring network devices, such as routers, switches, servers, and other networking equipment. SNMP allows network administrators to gather information about the performance and status of devices on the network, including temperature readings.
To retrieve the temperature information, the administrator will have to configure SNMP on the devices and configure SNMP manager software on their computer. Once the SNMP manager software is configured, it will be able to send SNMP requests to the devices and retrieve information such as temperature, voltage, fan speeds, etc. Many network devices have built-in SNMP support, and the administrator may also need to install SNMP agent software on the devices to enable SNMP monitoring.
The administrator can also use some specific command or tool like IPMI (Intelligent Platform Management Interface) or DCIM (Data Center Infrastructure Management) tools for monitoring the temperatures of all the devices.