Explanation
To prevent IP address conflicts when allocating a portion of a DHCP scope's subnet for statically assigned devices, it is recommended to use the concept of DHCP exclusion ranges. DHCP exclusion ranges allow a DHCP administrator to specify a range of IP addresses within the scope that should not be assigned to DHCP clients. This can be useful in situations where some devices on the network need to be assigned static IP addresses, as it ensures that the statically assigned addresses do not overlap with addresses assigned by the DHCP server. To set up a DHCP exclusion range, the administrator needs to specify the start and end IP addresses of the range, as well as the subnet mask. The DHCP server will then exclude the specified range of addresses from its pool of available addresses, and will not assign them to DHCP clients. By using DHCP exclusion ranges, the technician can ensure that the statically assigned addresses do not conflict with addresses assigned by the DHCP server, and can prevent IP address conflicts on the network.
Anthony Sequeira
"Another frequent configuration you might make in a DHCP implementation is to configure an exclusion range. This is a portion of the address pool that you never want leased out to clients in the network. Perhaps you have numbered your servers 192.168.1.1-192.168.1.10. Because the servers are statically configured with these addresses, you exclude these addresses from the 192.168.1.0/24 pool of addresses." Mike Meyers
"Exclusion ranges represent an IP address or range of IP addresses from the pool of addresses that are not to be given out by the DHCP server. Exclusions should be made for the static addresses manually configured on servers and router interfaces, so these IP addresses won't be offered to DHCP clients."