A warm site is a backup data center that has some network equipment and connectivity, but not enough to handle the full load of the primary site. It requires some time and effort to activate and configure in the event of a disaster12.
An active-active site is a backup data center that is fully operational and synchronized with the primary site, and can take over the load immediately if the primary site fails. It is the most expensive and complex option12.
A cold site is a backup data center that has no network equipment or connectivity, and only provides physical space and power. It requires a lot of time and resources to set up and activate in the event of a disaster. It is the cheapest and simplest option12.
A cloud site is a backup data center that is hosted by a third-party provider, and can offer various levels of availability and scalability depending on the service level agreement. It can be a cost-effective and flexible option, but also introduces some challenges such as security, compliance, and vendor lock-in13.
Reference:
1: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 6: Network Resiliency and Availability, Section: Disaster Recovery
2: Professor Messer's CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Page 54: Disaster Recovery Sites
3: Backup Strategy: Ultimate Guide for Data Backup

East-West traffic refers to data flows between servers or devices within the same datacenter. When a hosted virtual server is duplicated to another physical server for redundancy, it generates significant East-West traffic as the data is replicated between the two servers. Reference:
Network+ N10-008 Objectives: 3.3 Given a scenario, implement secure network architecture concepts.

This CIDR notation indicates that there are 64 IP addresses, of which 62 are usable for network devices. This provides the LEAST amount of unused addresses, making it the most efficient subnet for a remote office with 53 network devices. According to the CompTIA Network+ Study Guide, "Subnetting allows you to divide one large network into smaller, more manageable networks or subnets."

A reservation is a feature of DHCP that assigns a specific IP address to a device based on its MAC address. This way, the device will always receive the same IP address from the DHCP server, regardless of its location or connection time. A network administrator can set up a reservation for each loT device to accomplish the requirements of reducing manual configuration, assigning a specific IP address, and allowing devices to move to different switchports on the same VLAN. Reference: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-dhcp

Shoulder surfing is the social engineering attack where an attacker watches a user log in to a corporate system and writes down the user's log-in credentials. Social engineering is a type of attack that exploits human psychology and behavior to manipulate or trick people into revealing sensitive information or performing malicious actions. Shoulder surfing is a form of social engineering that involves observing or eavesdropping on someone's screen, keyboard, or paper documents to obtain confidential information such as passwords, PINs, or credit card numbers. Shoulder surfing can be done in person or remotely using cameras or other devices. Shoulder surfing can be prevented by using privacy filters, locking screens, shielding keyboards, or being aware of one's surroundings. Reference: [CompTIA Network+ Certification Exam Objectives], What Is Shoulder Surfing? | Definition & Examples | Forcepoint