Salting is a technique that adds random data to user credentials before hashing them. This makes the hashed credentials more secure and resistant to brute-force attacks or rainbow table attacks. Salting also ensures that two users with the same password will have different hashed credentials.
A company that has more computing power can consider using salting to ensure user credentials are being transmitted and stored more securely. Salting can increase the complexity and entropy of the hashed credentials, making them harder to crack or reverse.

Approved list is a list of applications or programs that are allowed to run on a system or network. An approved list can prevent unauthorized or malicious software from running and compromising the security of the system or network. An approved list can also help with patch management and compatibility issues. If the security engineer updated an application on the company workstations, the application may need to be added or updated on the approved list to be able to launch successfully. Reference: 1 CompTIA Security+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 10, Domain 2.0: Architecture and Design, Objective 2.4: Explain the importance of embedded and specialized systems security 2 CompTIA Security+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 12, Domain 3.0: Implementation, Objective 3.1: Implement secure network architecture concepts 3 https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-application-whitelisting

zero trust is a security strategy that assumes breach and verifies each request as though it originates from an untrusted network12. A zero trust policy is a set of "allow rules" that specify conditions for accessing certain resources3.
According to one source4, the first step in implementing a zero trust policy is to identify and classify all data and assets in the organization. This helps to determine the level of sensitivity and risk associated with each resource and apply appropriate access controls.
Classifying all data on the file servers is the first step in implementing a zero trust policy because it helps to determine the level of sensitivity and risk associated with each resource and apply appropriate access controls.

Staging is an environment in the software development lifecycle that is used to test a modified version of the actual data, current version configurations, and code. This environment compares user-story responses and workflow before the software is released to the production environment. Reference: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide, Sixth Edition, Sybex, pg. 496