Metadata is data that describes other data, such as its format, origin, creation date, author, and other attributes. Video files, like other types of files, can contain metadata that can provide useful information for forensic analysis. For example, metadata can reveal the camera model, location, date and time, and software used to create or edit the video file. To query the file's metadata, a security analyst can use various tools, such as MediaInfo, ffprobe, or hexdump, to extract and display the metadata from the video file. By querying the file's metadata, the security analyst can most likely identify both the creation date and the file's creator, as well as other relevant information. Obtaining the file's SHA-256 hash, checking endpoint logs, or using hexdump on the file's contents are other possible actions, but they are not the most appropriate to answer the question. The file's SHA-256 hash is a cryptographic value that can be used to verify the integrity or uniqueness of the file, but it does not reveal any information about the file's creation date or creator. Checking endpoint logs can provide some clues about the file's origin or activity, but it may not be reliable or accurate, especially if the logs are tampered with or incomplete. Using hexdump on the file's contents can show the raw binary data of the file, but it may not be easy or feasible to interpret the metadata from the hex output, especially if the file is large or encrypted.

Data in transit is data that is moving from one location to another, such as over a network or through the air. Data in transit is vulnerable to interception, modification, or theft by malicious actors. A VPN (virtual private network) is a technology that protects data in transit by creating a secure tunnel between two endpoints and encrypting the data that passes through it.

The security administrator's actions of removing default permissions and adding permissions only for users who need access as part of their job duties best describe the principle of least privilege.
This principle ensures that users are granted the minimum necessary access to perform their job functions, reducing the risk of unauthorized access or data breaches.
Least privilege: Limits access rights for users to the bare minimum necessary for their job duties, enhancing security by reducing potential attack surfaces.
Encryption standard compliance: Involves meeting encryption requirements, but it does not explain the removal and assignment of specific permissions.
Data replication requirements: Focus on duplicating data across different systems for redundancy and availability, not related to user permissions.
Access control monitoring: Involves tracking and reviewing access to resources, but the scenario is about setting permissions, not monitoring them.

Data Loss Prevention (DLP) monitors and controls the movement of sensitive data, enabling detection of attempts to send protected information, such as a customer list, to unauthorized destinations.

A Host-based Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS) runs directly on each device, monitoring and blocking malicious activity locally, ensuring protection regardless of the network the traveling employee uses.