See the solution in explanation below.
Explanation:

You want to place these technologies to reduce attack surface and enable secure protocols for the web architecture.
Suggested placements (following typical best practices for web architectures):
First node after Internet (Inbound Traffic Point):
FirewallControls and filters incoming traffic from the internet to block unwanted access.
Next node (Internal Traffic Control):
RouterRoutes packets inside the network and can apply some filtering.
Next layer (Between router and web infrastructure):
WAF (Web Application Firewall)Protects web servers from attacks like XSS, SQL injection, CSRF, directory traversal by inspecting HTTP/HTTPS traffic.
Web Servers:
Web serverHosts the application.
PKI Certificate:
Applied on the web server or WAF to enable HTTPS and secure protocols (TLS).
Part 2:

Internal audits are conducted within an organization to independently assess and evaluate the effectiveness of internal controls, policies, and procedures. A key benefit of internal audits is the identification of control gaps or weaknesses that can then be remediated before they lead to security incidents or compliance failures.
Unlike external audits, internal audit findings are primarily for management and internal stakeholders, focusing on improving security posture and operational efficiency. Reports generated are formal and documented to ensure accountability, and internal audits do not replace the need for external audits, which provide independent verification to external parties like regulators or shareholders.
This role of internal audits in identifying deficiencies and driving remediation efforts is emphasized in the Security Program Management and Oversight domain of the SY0-701 exam#7:Chapter 5†CompTIA Security+ Practice Tests#.

Recurring training is a type of security awareness training that is conducted periodically to refresh and update the knowledge and skills of the users. Recurring training can help improve the situational and environmental awareness of existing users as they transition from remote to in-office work, as it can cover the latest threats, best practices, and policies that are relevant to their work environment. Modifying the content of recurring training can ensure that the users are aware of the current security landscape and the expectations of their roles. References = CompTIA Security+ Study Guide with over 500 Practice Test Questions: Exam SY0-701,
9th Edition, Chapter 5, page 232. CompTIA Security+ (SY0-701) Certification Exam Objectives, Domain 5.1, page 18.

A firewall policy is a set of rules that defines what traffic is allowed or denied on a network. A firewall policy should be carefully designed and tested before being implemented, as a misconfigured policy can cause network disruptions or security breaches. A common best practice is to test the policy in a non-production environment, such as a lab or a simulation, before enabling the policy in the production network. This way, the technician can verify the functionality and performance of the policy, and identify and resolve any issues or conflicts, without affecting the live network. Testing the policy in a non-production environment would prevent the issue of the 'deny any' policy causing several company servers to become unreachable, as the technician would be able to detect and correct the problem before applying the policy to the production network.
Documenting the new policy in a change request and submitting the request to change management is a good practice, but it would not prevent the issue by itself. Change management is a process that ensures that any changes to the network are authorized, documented, and communicated, but it does not guarantee that the changes are error-free or functional. The technician still needs to test the policy before implementing it.
Disabling any intrusion prevention signatures on the 'deny any' policy prior to enabling the new policy would not prevent the issue, and it could reduce the security of the network. Intrusion prevention signatures are patterns that identify malicious or unwanted traffic, and allow the firewall to block or alert on such traffic.
Disabling these signatures would make the firewall less effective in detecting and preventing attacks, and it would not affect the reachability of the company servers.
Including an 'allow any' policy above the 'deny any' policy would not prevent the issue, and it would render the 'deny any' policy useless. A firewall policy is processed from top to bottom, and the first matching rule is applied. An 'allow any' policy would match any traffic and allow it to pass through the firewall, regardless of the source, destination, or protocol. This would negate the purpose of the 'deny any' policy, which is to block any traffic that does not match any of the previous rules. Moreover, an 'allow any' policy would create a security risk, as it would allow any unauthorized or malicious traffic to enter or exit the network. References = CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Certification Study Guide, page 204-205; Professor Messer's CompTIA SY0-701 Security+ Training Course, video 2.1 - Network Security Devices, 8:00 - 10:00.