A tabletop exercise is a simulated scenario that tests the organization's incident response plan and procedures. It involves key stakeholders and decision-makers who discuss their roles and actions in response to a hypothetical incident. It can help identify gaps, weaknesses, and improvement areas in the incident response process. It can also enhance communication, coordination, and collaboration among the participants.

Placing the VoIP system in its own VLAN segments it from the rest of the flat network, limiting exposure and reducing the attack surface by restricting access to only necessary traffic.

Network Access Control (NAC) enforces endpoint posture checks, such as antivirus status, patch levels, and configuration, before allowing devices on switchports to access the network or internet.

SCADA systems orchestrate and manage PLCs in industrial environments, and their native management protocols (e.g., Modbus, DNP3) are often sent unencrypted.

Federation is an access management concept that allows users to authenticate once and access multiple resources or services across different domains or organizations. Federation relies on a trusted third party that stores the user's credentials and provides them to the requested resources or services without exposing them. Password complexity is a security measure that requires users to create passwords that meet certain criteria, such as length, character types, and uniqueness. Password complexity can help prevent brute-force attacks, password guessing, and credential stuffing by making passwords harder to crack or guess.