The security administrator's actions of removing default permissions and adding permissions only for users who need access as part of their job duties best describe the principle of least privilege.
This principle ensures that users are granted the minimum necessary access to perform their job functions, reducing the risk of unauthorized access or data breaches.
Least privilege: Limits access rights for users to the bare minimum necessary for their job duties, enhancing security by reducing potential attack surfaces.
Encryption standard compliance: Involves meeting encryption requirements, but it does not explain the removal and assignment of specific permissions.
Data replication requirements: Focus on duplicating data across different systems for redundancy and availability, not related to user permissions.
Access control monitoring: Involves tracking and reviewing access to resources, but the scenario is about setting permissions, not monitoring them.

B: The device is configured to use cleartext passwords. This is a major security vulnerability and poses a significant risk of unauthorized access. Devices using cleartext passwords should be decommissioned and replaced with devices using secure authentication methods.
E: The device's encryption level cannot meet organizational standards. If the device cannot encrypt data to the required level, it compromises the confidentiality of sensitive information and should be decommissioned. Organizational security policies should dictate the minimum acceptable encryption level for network devices.

Tokenization replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive, unique tokens while storing the actual data securely in a separate location, effectively protecting data at rest in a database.

Smishing is phishing via SMS/text messages, exactly as seen when users receive a malicious link by text.
Impersonation occurs when the attacker poses as the CEO to lend credibility to the request and trick employees into divulging sensitive information.

Change management defines how updates, modifications, or deployments are planned, communicated, approved, and scheduled. Informing employees when company-owned devices can be updated with new software is part of managing and controlling organizational change.