Software deployed by users without formal review or approval is classified as shadow IT, since it operates outside the organization's sanctioned processes and controls.

A warm site is the best option for a business that does not require immediate failover but wants to reduce the workload required for recovery. A warm site has some pre-installed equipment and data, allowing for quicker recovery than a cold site, but it still requires some setup before becoming fully operational.
Hot sites provide immediate failover but are more expensive and require constant maintenance.
Cold sites require significant time and effort to get up and running after an outage.
Geographically dispersed sites refer to a specific location strategy rather than the readiness of the recovery site.

Salting appends a unique random value to each user's password before hashing, so identical passwords produce different hash values and resist rainbow-table attacks.

To identify the exact command or input used during a SQL injection attack, the application log is the most relevant. It records inputs, errors, and processing activities within the application layer.