Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Client-server networking is also known as client-server computing. It is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between service providers (servers) and service requesters, called clients.
Often clients and servers operate over a computer network on separate hardware. A server machine is a high- performance host that is running one or more server programs which share its resources with clients. A client does not share any of its resources, but requests a server's content or service function. Clients therefore initiate communication sessions with servers which await (listen to) incoming requests.
Answer options D and B are incorrect. Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application. They are said to form a peer-to-peer network of nodes. Peer-to-peer networking (also known simply as peer networking) differs from client-server networking, where certain devices have the responsibility to provide or "serve" data, and other devices consume or otherwise act as "clients" of those servers.

Preparation is the first step in the incident handling process. It includes processes like backing up copies of all
key data on a regular basis, monitoring and updating software on a regular basis, and creating and
implementing a documented security policy. To apply this step a documented security policy is formulated that
outlines the responses to various incidents, as a reliable set of instructions during the time of an incident. The
following list contains items that the incident handler should maintain in the preparation phase i.e. before an
incident occurs:
Establish applicable policies
Build relationships with key players
Build response kit
Create incident checklists
Establish communication plan
Perform threat modeling
Build an incident response team
Practice the demo incidents
Answer option A is incorrect. The Containment phase of the Incident handling process is responsible for
supporting and building up the incident combating process. It ensures the stability of the system and also
confirms that the incident does not get any worse. The Containment phase includes the process of preventing
further contamination of the system or network, and preserving the evidence of the contamination.
Answer option D is incorrect. The Eradication phase of the Incident handling process involves the cleaning-up
of the identified harmful incidents from the system. It includes the analyzing of the information that has been
gathered for determining how the attack was committed. To prevent the incident from happening again, it is
vital to recognize how it was conceded out so that a prevention technique is applied.
Answer option B is incorrect. Recovery is the fifth step of the incident handling process. In this phase, the
Incident Handler places the system back into the working environment. In the recovery phase the Incident
Handler also works with the questions to validate that the system recovery is successful. This involves testing
the system to make sure that all the processes and functions are working normal. The Incident Handler also
monitors the system to make sure that the systems are not compromised again. It looks for additional signs of
attack.

In a brute force attack, an attacker uses software that tries a large number of key combinations in order to get a password. To prevent such attacks, users should create passwords that are more difficult to guess, i.e., by using a minimum of six characters, alphanumeric combinations, and lower-upper case combinations. Answer option D is incorrect. Smurf is an attack that generates significant computer network traffic on a victim network. This is a type of denial-of-service attack that floods a target system via spoofed broadcast ping messages. In such attacks, a perpetrator sends a large amount of ICMP echo request (ping) traffic to IP broadcast addresses, all of which have a spoofed source IP address of the intended victim. If the routing device delivering traffic to those broadcast addresses delivers the IP broadcast to all hosts, most hosts on that IP network will take the ICMP echo request and reply to it with an echo reply, which multiplies the traffic by the number of hosts responding. Answer option A is incorrect. Buffer overflow is a condition in which an application receives more data than it is configured to accept. It helps an attacker not only to execute a malicious code on the target system but also to install backdoors on the target system for further attacks. All buffer overflow attacks are due to only sloppy programming or poor memory management by the application developers. The main types of buffer overflows are: Stack overflow Format string overflow Heap overflow Integer overflow Answer option C is incorrect. A zero-day attack, also known as zero-hour attack, is a computer threat that tries to exploit computer application vulnerabilities which are unknown to others, undisclosed to the software vendor, or for which no security fix is available. Zero-day exploits (actual code that can use a security hole to carry out an attack) are used or shared by attackers before the software vendor knows about the mvulnerability. User awareness training is the most effective technique to mitigate such attacks.

Keystroke logging is a method of logging and recording user keystrokes. It can be performed with software or hardware devices. Keystroke logging devices can record everything a person types using his keyboard, such as to measure employee's productivity on certain clerical tasks. These types of devices can also be used to get usernames, passwords, etc. Answer option C is incorrect. War dialing is a technique of using a modem to automatically scan a list of telephone numbers, usually dialing every number in a local area code to search for computers, BBS systems, and fax machines. Hackers use the resulting lists for various purposes, hobbyists for exploration, and crackers (hackers that specialize in computer security) for password guessing. Answer option A is incorrect. Warchalking is the drawing of symbols in public places to advertise an open Wi-Fi wireless network. Having found a Wi-Fi node, the warchalker draws a special symbol on a nearby object, such as a wall, the pavement, or a lamp post. The name warchalking is derived from the cracker terms war dialing and war driving. Answer option D is incorrect. An Internet Relay Chat (IRC) bot is a set of scripts or an independent program that connects to Internet Relay Chat as a client, and so appears to other IRC users as another user. An IRC bot differs from a regular client in that instead of providing interactive access to IRC for a human user, it performs automated functions.