Explanation
Explanation:
Network security is needed for the following reasons:
To protect private information on the Internet
To protect information from unwanted editing, accidentally or intentionally by unauthorized users To protect information from loss and deliver it to its destination properly To prevent a user from sending a message to another user with the name of a third person

The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) is used to share information between routers to
transport IP Multicast packets among networks. It uses a reverse path-flooding technique and is used as the
basis for the Internet's multicast backbone (MBONE). In particular, DVMRP is notorious for poor network
scaling, resulting from reflooding, particularly with versions that do not implement pruning. DVMRP's flat
unicast routing mechanism also affects its capability to scale.
Answer option A is incorrect. The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is a Transport layer protocol
designed to reserve resources across a network for an integrated services Internet. RSVP does not transport
application data but is rather an Internet control protocol, like ICMP, IGMP, or routing protocols. RSVP provides
receiver-initiated setup of resource reservations for multicast or unicast data flows with scaling and robustness.
RSVP can be used by either hosts or routers to request or deliver specific levels of quality of service (QoS) for
application data streams. RSVP defines how applications place reservations and how they can leave the
reserved resources once the need for them has ended. RSVP operation will generally result in resources being
reserved in each node along a path.
Answer option C is incorrect. A remote procedure call (RPC) hides the details of the network by using the
common procedure call mechanism familiar to every programmer. Like any ordinary procedure, RPC is also
synchronous and parameters are passed to it. A process of the client calls a function on a remote server and
remains suspended until it gets back the results.
Answer option D is incorrect. LWAPP (Lightweight Access Point Protocol) is a protocol used to control multiple
Wi-Fi wireless access points at once. This can reduce the amount of time spent on configuring, monitoring, or
troubleshooting a large network. This also allows network administrators to closely analyze the network.

In information security, security risks are considered an indicator of threats coupled with vulnerability. In other words, security risk is a probabilistic function of a given threat agent exercising a particular vulnerability and the impact of that risk on the organization. Security risks can be mitigated by reviewing and taking responsible actions based on possible risks. These risks can be analyzed and measured by the risk analysis process.
Answer option B is incorrect. Security risks can never be removed completely but can be mitigated by taking proper actions.

Directivity of an antenna refers to the measure of how concentrated the radiation emitted is in a single direction. It is defined as the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions. In simpler terms, it is the calculation of radiated power in a particular direction compared to the average radiated power in all directions. This characteristic is crucial for antennas designed to transmit or receive signals in a specific direction, making it an essential parameter for many communication systems.