Bob has encountered a system crash and has lost vital data stored on the hard drive of his Windows computer.
He has no cloud storage or backup hard drives. he wants to recover all those data, which includes his personal photos, music, documents, videos, official email, etc. Which of the following tools shall resolve Bob's purpose?

During an investigation, Noel found the following SIM card from the suspect's mobile. What does the code 89
44 represent?

When analyzing logs, it is important that the clocks of all the network devices are synchronized. Which protocol will help in synchronizing these clocks?

While presenting his case to the court, Simon calls many witnesses to the stand to testify.
Simon decides to call Hillary Taft, a lay witness, to the stand. Since Hillary is a lay witness, what field would she be considered an expert in?

Sniffers that place NICs in promiscuous mode work at what layer of the OSI model?