Tristan, a professional penetration tester, was recruited by an organization to test its network infrastructure. The organization wanted to understand its current security posture and its strength in defending against external threats. For this purpose, the organization did not provide any information about their IT infrastructure to Tristan. Thus, Tristan initiated zero-knowledge attacks, with no information or assistance from the organization.
Which of the following types of penetration testing has Tristan initiated in the above scenario?

A pfSense firewall has been configured to block a web application www.abchacker.com. Perform an analysis on the rules set by the admin and select the protocol which has been used to apply the rule.
Hint: Firewall login credentials are given below:
Username: admin
Password: admin@l23

Kason, a forensic officer, was appointed to investigate a case where a threat actor has bullied certain children online. Before proceeding legally with the case, Kason has documented all the supporting documents, including source of the evidence and its relevance to the case, before presenting it in front of the jury.
Which of the following rules of evidence was discussed in the above scenario?

Ruben, a crime investigator, wants to retrieve all the deleted files and folders in the suspected media without affecting the original files. For this purpose, he uses a method that involves the creation of a cloned copy of the entire media and prevents the contamination of the original medi a.
Identify the method utilized by Ruben in the above scenario.

Andre, a security professional, was tasked with segregating the employees' names, phone numbers, and credit card numbers before sharing the database with clients. For this purpose, he implemented a deidentification technique that can replace the critical information in database fields with special characters such as asterisks (*) and hashes (#).
Which of the following techniques was employed by Andre in the above scenario?