Explanation
DNS tunneling may be a method wont to send data over the DNS protocol, a protocol which has never been intended for data transfer. due to that, people tend to overlook it and it's become a well-liked but effective tool in many attacks.Most popular use case for DNS tunneling is obtaining free internet through bypassing captive portals at airports, hotels, or if you are feeling patient the not-so-cheap on the wing Wi-Fi.On those shared internet hotspots HTTP traffic is blocked until a username/password is provided, however DNS traffic is usually still allowed within the background: we will encode our HTTP traffic over DNS and voila, we've internet access.This sounds fun but reality is, browsing anything on DNS tunneling is slow. Like, back to 1998 slow.Another more dangerous use of DNS tunneling would be bypassing network security devices (Firewalls, DLP appliances...) to line up an immediate and unmonitored communications channel on an organisation's network. Possibilities here are endless: Data exfiltration, fixing another penetration testing tool... you name it.To make it even more worrying, there's an outsized amount of easy to use DNS tunneling tools out there.There's even a minimum of one VPN over DNS protocol provider (warning: the planning of the web site is hideous, making me doubt on the legitimacy of it).As a pentester all this is often great, as a network admin not such a lot .
How does it work:For those that ignoramus about DNS protocol but still made it here, i feel you deserve a really brief explanation on what DNS does: DNS is sort of a phonebook for the web , it translates URLs (human-friendly language, the person's name), into an IP address (machine-friendly language, the phone number). That helps us remember many websites, same as we will remember many people's names.For those that know what DNS is i might suggest looking here for a fast refresh on DNS protocol, but briefly what you would like to understand is:* A Record: Maps a website name to an IP address.example.com ? 12.34.52.67* NS Record (a.k.a. Nameserver record): Maps a website name to an inventory of DNS servers, just in case our website is hosted in multiple servers.example.com ? server1.example.com, server2.example.comWho is involved in DNS tunneling?* Client. Will launch DNS requests with data in them to a website .* One Domain that we will configure. So DNS servers will redirect its requests to an outlined server of our own.* Server. this is often the defined nameserver which can ultimately receive the DNS requests.The 6 Steps in DNS tunneling (simplified):1. The client encodes data during a DNS request. The way it does this is often by prepending a bit of knowledge within the domain of the request. for instance : mypieceofdata.server1.example.com2. The DNS request goes bent a DNS server.3. The DNS server finds out the A register of your domain with the IP address of your server.4. The request for mypieceofdata.server1.example.com is forwarded to the server.5. The server processes regardless of the mypieceofdata was alleged to do. Let's assume it had been an HTTP request.6. The server replies back over DNS and woop woop, we've got signal.

<03>Windows Messenger administrationCourier administration is an organization based framework notice Windows administration by Microsoft that was remembered for some prior forms of Microsoft Windows.
This resigned innovation, despite the fact that it has a comparable name, isn't connected in any capacity to the later, Internet-based Microsoft Messenger administration for texting or to Windows Messenger and Windows Live Messenger (earlier named MSN Messenger) customer programming.
The Messenger Service was initially intended for use by framework managers to tell Windows clients about their networks.[1] It has been utilized malevolently to introduce spring up commercials to clients over the Internet (by utilizing mass-informing frameworks which sent an ideal message to a predetermined scope of IP addresses). Despite the fact that Windows XP incorporates a firewall, it isn't empowered naturally. Along these lines, numerous clients got such messages. Because of this maltreatment, the Messenger Service has been debilitated as a matter of course in Windows XP Service Pack 2.