https://www.infocyte.com/blog/2019/02/16/cybersecurity-101-what-you-need-to-know-about-false-positives- and-false-negatives/ False positives are mislabeled security alerts, indicating there is a threat when in actuality, there isn't. These false/non-malicious alerts (SIEM events) increase noise for already over-worked security teams and can include software bugs, poorly written software, or unrecognized network traffic.
False negatives are uncaught cyber threats - overlooked by security tooling because they're dormant, highly sophisticated (i.e. file-less or capable of lateral movement) or the security infrastructure in place lacks the technological ability to detect these attacks.

There is no single, standardized classification of cross-site scripting flaws, but most experts distinguish between at least two primary flavors of XSS flaws: non-persistent and persistent. In this issue, we consider the non-persistent cross-site scripting vulnerability.
The non-persistent (or reflected) cross-site scripting vulnerability is by far the most basic type of web vulnerability. These holes show up when the data provided by a web client, most commonly in HTTP query parameters (e.g. HTML form submission), is used immediately by server-side scripts to parse and display a page of results for and to that user, without properly sanitizing the content.
Because HTML documents have a flat, serial structure that mixes control statements, formatting, and the actual content, any non-validated user-supplied data included in the resulting page without proper HTML encoding, may lead to markup injection. A classic example of a potential vector is a site search engine: if one searches for a string, the search string will typically be redisplayed verbatim on the result page to indicate what was searched for. If this response does not properly escape or reject HTML control characters, a cross- site scripting flaw will ensue.

Google hacking or Google dorking https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_hacking It is a hacker technique that uses Google Search and other Google applications to find security holes in the configuration and computer code that websites are using. Google dorking could also be used for OSINT.
Search syntax https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Search
Google's search engine has its own built-in query language. The following list of queries can be run to find a list of files, find information about your competition, track people, get information about SEO backlinks, build email lists, and of course, discover web vulnerabilities.
- [site:] - Search within a specific website

Worker Message Block (SMB) is an organization document sharing and information texture convention. SMB is utilized by billions of gadgets in a different arrangement of working frameworks, including Windows, MacOS, iOS , Linux, and Android. Customers use SMB to get to information on workers. This permits sharing of records, unified information the board, and brought down capacity limit needs for cell phones.
Workers additionally use SMB as a feature of the Software-characterized Data Center for outstanding burdens like grouping and replication.
Since SMB is a far off record framework, it requires security from assaults where a Windows PC may be fooled into reaching a pernicious worker running inside a confided in organization or to a far off worker outside the organization edge. Firewall best practices and arrangements can upgrade security keeping malevolent traffic from leaving the PC or its organization.
For Windows customers and workers that don't have SMB shares, you can obstruct all inbound SMB traffic utilizing the Windows Defender Firewall to keep far off associations from malignant or bargained gadgets. In the Windows Defender Firewall, this incorporates the accompanying inbound principles.

You should also create a new blocking rule to override any other inbound firewall rules. Use the following suggested settings for any Windows clients or servers that do not host SMB Shares:
* Name: Block all inbound SMB 445
* Description: Blocks all inbound SMB TCP 445 traffic. Not to be applied to domain controllers or computers that host SMB shares.
* Action: Block the connection
* Programs: All
* Remote Computers: Any
* Protocol Type: TCP
* Local Port: 445
* Remote Port: Any
* Profiles: All
* Scope (Local IP Address): Any
* Scope (Remote IP Address): Any
* Edge Traversal: Block edge traversal
You must not globally block inbound SMB traffic to domain controllers or file servers. However, you can restrict access to them from trusted IP ranges and devices to lower their attack surface. They should also be restricted to Domain or Private firewall profiles and not allow Guest/Public traffic.

https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/security-awareness/ransomware/what-is-fileless-malware.html Fileless malware can easily evade various security controls, organizations need to focus on monitoring, detecting, and preventing malicious activities instead of using traditional approaches such as scanning for malware through file signatures.Also known as non-malware, infects legitimate software, applications, and other protocols existing in the system to perform various malicious activities.It resides in the system's RAM.
It injects malicious code into the running processes. (P.966/950)