Implementing rack-level airflow management (A) improves overall airflow uniformity, which benefits all GPUs, regardless of cooling type. Implementing dynamic fan speed control based on individual GPU temperatures for air-cooled GPUs (E) allows for fine-grained adjustments to cooling performance. Per-server cooling solutions (C) can be helpful, but less scalable/practical in most datacenters. Using the same cooling profile for all GPUs (B) is ineffective. Cooling only high TDP GPUs (D) may not be sufficient.

VXLAN allows Layer 2 segments to be extended across Layer 3 infrastructure by encapsulating Ethernet frames within UDP packets. This enables virtual machine mobility across different subnets. VXLAN adds overhead due to encapsulation. While VXLAN can enhance security, encryption is not its primary function. It is highly scalable and can be implemented in both hardware and software.

Configuration management tools (Ansible, Chef, Puppet) provide the most scalable and maintainable solution. They allow you to define the desired state of the system and automatically enforce it across all nodes. NVIDIA's container toolkit encapsulates the driver and provides a consistent, isolated environment. Manually SSHing is not scalable. While 'pdsh' and 'parallel' can automate the execution of commands, they lack the robust error handling and state management of configuration management tools. NFS distribution requires managing the installation process separately on each server.

A switchdev-based configuration offers the lowest latency because the DPIJ directly programs the switch ASIC. This allows for hardware-accelerated traffic steering and inspection without the overhead of traditional bridging or routing. Hairpinning introduces unnecessary latency, while SR-IOV and bridging add software processing overhead.

DPDK provides a framework for high-performance packet processing in user space, bypassing the kernel's networking stack. The BlueField DPU's PMD (Poll Mode Driver) allows DPDK applications to directly access the network interface with minimal overhead. This is ideal for DPI applications that need to process a large volume of packets at high speed. Standard socket APIs and Netfilter hooks involve kernel intervention, which can introduce significant overhead. Libpcap is a packet capture library, not designed for high-performance packet processing. 'tcpdump' is a command-line tool, not a programming API.