* Routing Table Analysis:
* The first command output (get router info routing-table database) shows two default routes:
* One viaport1with a distance of10.
* One viaport2with a distance of20.
* The second command output (get router info routing-table all) only shows the route viaport1.
* Administrative Distance:
* The administrative distance (AD) is a measure used by routers to select the best path when there are multiple routes to the same destination. The lower the distance, the more preferred the route.
* In this scenario, the route viaport1has a lower distance (10) compared to the route viaport2(20), making it the preferred route.
* Route Selection:
* Since the route viaport1has a lower distance, it is the only one installed in the active routing table, which is why it appears in the second command output, and theport2route does not.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Routing behavior depending on distance and priority(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet GURU: Route priority and administrative distance explanations(Fortinet GURU).

* Understanding OSPF Roles:
* In OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), routers can have different roles: Designated Router (DR), Backup Designated Router (BDR), and DROther. These roles help manage and optimize the OSPF network traffic.
* DR and BDR are elected to minimize the number of adjacencies and reduce the amount of routing information exchange.
* DROther routers are neither DR nor BDR but can still participate in the OSPF network by maintaining adjacencies with DR and BDR.
* Analyzing the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows the OSPF neighbor states for the local FortiGate.
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.1 is in the state Full/DR (Designated Router).
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.3 is in the state Full/DROther (DROther).
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.10 has no specific designation, implying it is neither DR nor BDR.
* Conclusion:
* Since the local FortiGate shows neighbors in Full/DR and Full/DROther states and itself does not have a state of DROther, it can be concluded that the local FortiGate is not a DROther.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding OSPF roles and states(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(cyruslab).
* Fortinet Documentation: OSPF neighbor states and elections(Fortinet Docs).

* Session Table Overview:
* The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit from thediagnose sys session statcommand shows detailed session statistics.
* The specific value indicating "166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake" reflects the number of sessions that have initiatedbut not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).

The exhibit displays the output of a real-time debug of the URL filtering process on a FortiGate device. The debug output includes various details about a web request being processed.
* SNI (Server Name Indication): This is part of the SSL/TLS handshake where the client specifies the hostname it is trying to connect to. FortiGate can use this information to apply appropriate web filtering rules based on the server name.
* CN (Common Name): This is a field in the server's SSL certificate that typically contains the server's hostname. FortiGate can extract this information to verify the identity of the server and apply security policies accordingly.
Given that the debug output includes the hostname "training.fortinet.com," it is likely derived from the SNI in the client's request or the CN in the server's certificate, indicating that FortiGate is using this information to process the web request.
References
* Fortinet Community Documentation on Real-time Debugging

* OSPF Interface Network Types:
* The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network
* types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).
* Authentication Settings:
* Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.
* OSPF Router IDs:
* Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router's interfaces or manually configured.
* Link Costs and Interface Priority:
* While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* OSPF Configuration Guides