To monitor average memory consumption of containers in Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), the best approach is to use Cloud Monitoring. You can create an alerting policy in Cloud Monitoring to notify you if the average memory consumption is outside the defined range. This method leverages Google Cloud's built-in capabilities for efficient and accurate monitoring.
https://cloud.google.com/monitoring

https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/calling/pubsub
We selected D based on our experience with Cloud Functions and the material at the URL above.
Since messages can be obtained from Cloud Functions arguments, we are not aware of the description of Subscription.

Workload identity federation is the most secure and recommended approach for authenticating to Google Cloud APIs without the need to manage long-lived service account keys. By configuring Terraform Cloud to use workload identity federation, you can securely authenticate to Google Cloud APIs without having to export and manage service account keys. This approach minimizes the risk associated with key management and adheres to best practices for secure, short-lived, token-based authentication.

Minikube is a tool that runs a single-node Kubernetes cluster locally on your laptop, allowing you to test and run your application on a simulated production environment. Skaffold is a command line tool that automates the process of building and deploying your application to a local or remote Kubernetes cluster.
Together, Minikube and Skaffold allow you to test your frequent changes locally, with a deployment that emulates a production environment, using minimal resources. Minikube provides the simulated production environment, while Skaffold takes care of building and deploying your application, making the development process smoother and more efficient.

https://cloud.google.com/service-directory/docs/overview