In the context of the OSI model, the network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers. Hence, the network layer PDU is known as a packet.

The 802.1x authentication process begins after the client device completes the 802.11 association with the access point but before the WPA 4-Way Handshake. This is part of the EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) process, which authenticates the device before allowing full network access.