Mainstream large-scale Layer 2 technologies include VXLAN, TRILL, NVGRE, and MPLS.

Which of the following are DoS (Denial of Service) attacks? (Multiple choice)

The multicast IP address is 229.130.130.1, and what is its corresponding MAC address?

In order to reduce the number of OSPF routes in some stub areas, OSPF has developed a special area function. Which of the following description about the OSPF special area is correct?

In the following topology, R1 can access the Internet through R2 and R3. The EBGP connections are established between R1 and R2, R1 and R3. R2 and R3 belong to the same AS. The default route is advertised through BGP. The traffic that R1 is required to access the Internet is preferably R2. Which of the following practices can be achieved? (Multiple Choice)