Secure access channels include protocols that encrypt the transmitted data to protect against interception or unauthorized access. HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) ensures data encryption over web communications, while SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) provides secure file transfer by utilizing SSH for data encryption. Telnet and SNMPv2, on the other hand, lack robust encryption and are considered insecure. Huawei security standards highlight the importance of encrypted communication to prevent data leaks .

In inter-AC roaming scenarios, an AC (Access Controller) can serve as the mobility server for multiple mobility groups, enabling it to manage roaming among multiple groups. However, an AC can only belong to one specific mobility group. This constraint ensures that mobility management remains streamlined and avoids conflicts. Huawei WLAN mobility configuration guides validate this setup .

In the given topology, the route from R4 to 10.0.2.2/32 traverses R3, which performs route leaking from Level-2 to Level-1. The cost is calculated as follows: R4 to R3 (40) + R3 to R2 (10) + R2 to the destination (30), resulting in a total cost of 80 .

Non-Client Definition in IBGP
* In an IBGP setup with a Route Reflector (RR), a non-client is an IBGP peer that is neither the RR itself nor its client.
* Non-clients must establish fully meshed IBGP connections with all other non-clients and the RR because IBGP rules prohibit route propagation between non-clients without a direct connection.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
* The behavior of non-clients in an RR topology is clearly outlined in the BGP implementation chapters.

Explanation:
1 # A Startup message with a priority of 255 is received.
2 # A Startup message with a priority less than 255 is received.
3 # A Shutdown message is received.
4 # The Master_Down timer expires, an Advertisement packet with the priority of 0 is received, or a packet with a priority lower than the local priority is received.
5 # A packet with a priority higher than the local priority is received.
6 # A Shutdown message is received.
#Reference:Huawei HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, VRRP Status Transitions.