Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
* STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) BPDUs do not contain an explicit port role field. Instead, roles are determined indirectly.
* RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) modifies BPDU structure by using the Flags field to indicate:
* Port roles (Root, Designated, Alternate, Backup)
* Proposal/Agreement (P/A) handshake mechanism
* The correct field that specifies the port role in RSTP BPDUs is Flags.
# Reference: Huawei HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, RSTP BPDU Structure and Flags Field.

The defaultSTP priorityon Huawei switches (and in the IEEE standard) is32768.
Lower priority values increase the likelihood of a switch becoming the root bridge. You can configure this value in increments of 4096.
Reference from Huawei HCIP-Datacom-Core Technology Study Guide:
"The default bridge priority of Huawei switches is 32768. The root bridge is elected based on the lowest bridge ID, which consists of the priority and MAC address." (Chapter: Spanning Tree Protocols - Section: RSTP and Bridge Election)

In SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), the MIB (Management Information Base) defines the attributes of a managed device. It acts as a structured database of managed objects, each described by a unique OID (Object Identifier). These objects provide critical information and control interfaces for network management. Other elements like the agent (manages the MIB) and NMS (queries the agent) do not define attributes but interact with the MIB .

MQC and PBR
* MQC (Modular QoS Command-Line Interface): Applied to interfaces for classifying and controlling traffic.
* PBR (Policy-Based Routing): Used to influence packet forwarding based on policies rather than traditional routing tables.
* Both MQC and PBR can be configured on device interfaces to filter incoming/outgoing packets or control their forwarding paths.
HCIP-Datacom-Core Reference
* The use of MQC and PBR on device interfaces is elaborated in the QoS and routing control chapters.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
* A. TRUE # EBGP-learned routes can be advertised to both IBGP and EBGP peers.
* B. FALSE # BGP uses incremental updates, meaning it only advertises changed routes, not all routes.
* C. TRUE # BGP advertises only the best path to prevent unnecessary routing information.
* D. TRUE # IBGP split-horizon rule: Routes learned from IBGP peers are not re-advertised to other IBGP peers (to prevent loops).
# Reference: Huawei HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, BGP Route Advertisement and Split-Horizon Rule.