Which of the following is not a typical application scenario of knowledge graph?

Which of the following options is not a way to improve e-commerce user experience?

If the enterprise develops or maintains middleware itself, the enterprise needs to handle the installation and deployment of software and hardware, faults and maintenance, and bug fixes, if it uses the cloud middleware service, it can be used out of the box.

The digitization and cloudification of traditional businesses has become an irreversible trend, and the unpredictability of traffic has become the norm for Internet applications.

Applications are evolving to the CloudNative model, and microservices are the de facto standard of CloudNative.