In the current network, which of the following is the most commonly used VLAN division method?

STM-N signal transmission on the line needs to be scrambled, mainly to facilitate collection and extraction of line timing signals. Will all bytes in the SDH frame structure be scrambled?

In CES SATOP encapsulation, PWE3 will transparently transmit 32 time slots of an E1 frame as a whole from one end to the other

During the debugging of the SDH system, if the E1 port reports a T-ALOS alarm, which of the following actions are meaningful?

The frame rate of STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, STM-64 signals are all the same 8000 frames/sec.