One of the five basic financial statement assertions that an internal auditor evaluates when assessing controls over financial reporting is "existence or occurrence." This assertion verifies that assets, liabilities, and equity interests actually exist at a given date, and that recorded transactions have actually occurred during a given period. It ensures that the financial statements are not overstated through the inclusion of fictitious or erroneous items.
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COSO Framework
PCAOB Auditing Standard No. 15: Audit Evidence

Nonstatistical sampling allows auditors to use their professional judgment to determine the sample size and select the items to be tested. Unlike statistical sampling, which relies on probabilistic methods to determine the sample size and selection, nonstatistical sampling is more flexible and can be tailored to the specific circumstances of the audit engagement.
IIA References:
* IIA Standard 2320: Analysis and Evaluation suggests that internal auditors should apply appropriate methods to analyze data and draw conclusions. Nonstatistical sampling allows for the application of professional judgment, which can be advantageous in certain audit situations where rigid statistical methods may not be practical or necessary.
* The Practice Guide on Sampling discusses the differences between statistical and nonstatistical sampling, highlighting that nonstatistical sampling relies more on the auditor's judgment, which can be beneficial in certain contexts.
Given this, the correct answer is C. Nonstatistical sampling provides for the use of subjective judgment in determining the sample size.

When developing the work program for an engagement reviewing an organization's small contracting services, the chief audit executive (CAE) should consider the organization's recent changes to how it processes payments. Changes in payment processing can significantly impact the control environment and may introduce new risks or control gaps. Understanding these changes will help the CAE design appropriate audit procedures to evaluate the effectiveness of the controls over the new processes.
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The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) Practice Guide: Developing the Internal Audit Strategic Plan IIA Standard 2200 - Engagement Planning

To investigate unusually high employee turnover at the organization's primary manufacturing plant, the internal auditor is likely to use benchmarking. Benchmarking involves comparing the organization's turnover rates with those of similar organizations or industry standards to identify deviations and potential issues. This approach helps in understanding whether the turnover rate is indeed unusually high and what factors may be contributing to it.
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IIA Practice Guide: Benchmarking in Internal Audit
IIA Standards: 1220 - Due Professional Care